TOPIK Practice – TOPIK I 어휘 [fill_in_the_blank] 1–5 (9/18/2026) – 1970s

정답: B. 새마을

How to solve: This question asks about a specific movement in rural areas during the 1970s in Korea aimed at improving the country's living standards. The '새마을 운동' (Saemaul Undong) is the well-known movement that fits this description.

A — 환경보호 (environmental protection) is a general concept and not the specific government-led rural development movement of the 1970s.

B — 새마을 (New Community) refers to the Saemaul Undong, a government-led initiative for rural modernization and economic development that was prominent in the 1970s.

C — 시민참여 (citizen participation) is too broad and doesn't specify the 1970s rural movement.

D — 교육개혁 (education reform) is unrelated to the economic development movement in rural areas.

정답: B. 경제 성장

How to solve: The sentence describes a 'fast achievement' in South Korea during the 1970s, attributed to the people's efforts. The 1970s were a period of rapid industrialization and economic development in Korea. '경제 성장' (economic growth) is the most fitting term.

A — 문화교류 (cultural exchange) is not the primary 'fast achievement' of the 1970s in this context.

B — 경제 성장 (economic growth) accurately describes Korea's rapid development during that period, fitting the context of '빠른 ~을 이루었다' (achieved rapid ~).

C — 사회 변화 (social change) is too general; while there was social change, 'economic growth' is more specific and directly relates to '빠른 ~을 이루었다'.

D — 인구 감소 (population decrease) is incorrect; Korea's population was growing during this time.

정답: B. 산업화

How to solve: The sentence describes the emergence of many factories ('많은 공장이 생기고') and the expansion of cities ('도시가 커지면서') in the 1970s. This process, where a country shifts from an agricultural society to an industrial one, is known as '산업화' (industrialization).

A — 도시화 (urbanization) is related, as cities grew, but '산업화' (industrialization) is the direct cause and description of the phenomenon mentioned by '많은 공장이 생기고'.

B — 산업화 (industrialization) precisely describes the process of building factories and developing industries, leading to economic growth and urban expansion, which characterized the 1970s.

C — 정보화 (informatization) is a later phenomenon, associated with the information age, not the 1970s.

D — 세계화 (globalization) describes increasing interconnectedness across countries, which was not the primary characteristic of the 1970s in the given context of factory and city growth.

정답: B. 어려움

How to solve: The sentence mentions the '석유 파동' (oil crisis) and states that people '극복했습니다' (overcame it). The word that fits logically before '극복하다' (to overcome) and describes the oil crisis is '어려움' (difficulty/hardship).

A — 기회 (opportunity) is the opposite of something to be overcome; an oil crisis is generally not seen as a pure opportunity.

B — 어려움 (difficulty/hardship) fits perfectly with '석유 파동' (oil crisis) and the act of overcoming it ('극복했습니다').

C — 발전 (development/progress) is positive and not something one would '극복하다' (overcome) in this context.

D — 이익 (profit/benefit) is also positive and does not fit the context of an oil crisis being a challenge.

정답: C. 텔레비전

How to solve: The sentence describes a device that began to be distributed to homes in the 1970s, allowing people to watch news and dramas at home. '텔레비전' (television) fits this description as it became increasingly common in Korean households during that decade.

A — 컴퓨터 (computer) was not widely distributed to homes in the 1970s for watching news and dramas.

B — 스마트폰 (smartphone) did not exist in the 1970s.

C — 텔레비전 (television) accurately represents the technology that became common in homes during the 1970s for entertainment and news consumption.

D — 인터넷 (internet) was not available to general households in the 1970s.