{"id":9318,"date":"2026-07-15T04:53:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T19:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/?p=9318"},"modified":"2026-07-15T04:53:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T19:53:06","slug":"grammar-1-5-7-15-2026-france-vs-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/?p=9318","title":{"rendered":"[Grammar] 1\u20135 (7\/15\/2026) &#8211; france vs spain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n.toeic { font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,'Noto Sans KR',Arial,sans-serif; line-height:1.6; }\n.toeic .q{ padding:16px; border:1px solid #e6e6e6; border-radius:8px; background:#fafafa; margin-bottom:16px; }\n.toeic .meta{ color:#555; margin-bottom:10px; font-weight:600; }\n.toeic .stem{ margin-bottom:10px; }\n.toeic .options{ margin-top:8px; display:grid; gap:10px; }\n.toeic .opt{ display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius:8px; background:#fff; cursor:pointer; }\n.toeic .opt:hover{ border-color:#667eea; background:#f8f9ff; }\n.toeic .opt input[type=radio]{ margin-top:3px; transform:scale(1.05); }\n.toeic .key{ display:inline-block; min-width:22px; height:22px; border-radius:50%; background:#667eea; color:#fff; text-align:center; line-height:22px; font-weight:600; margin-right:4px; }\n.toeic .answer{ display:none; margin-top:14px; padding:14px; background:#f8f9fa; border-left:4px solid #667eea; border-radius:8px; }\n.toeic .btn{ display:inline-block; padding:8px 14px; border-radius:24px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#667eea 0%,#764ba2 100%); color:#fff; text-decoration:none; cursor:pointer; margin-right:8px; }\n.toeic .subtle{ color:#666; font-size:.93em; }\n.toeic .q input[type=checkbox]:checked ~ .answer{ display:block; }\n.toeic .q input[type=checkbox]:checked ~ .options .is-correct:has(input:checked){ background:#d4edda; border-color:#28a745; }\n.toeic .q input[type=checkbox]:checked ~ .options .opt:has(input:checked):not(.is-correct){ background:#f8d7da; border-color:#dc3545; }\n.toeic .q input[type=checkbox]:checked ~ .options .opt.is-correct{ outline:2px solid #28a745; }\n@media(max-width:768px){ .toeic .opt{ padding:8px 10px; } }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"toeic\">\n<div class=\"q\">\n  <div class=\"meta\">[Grammar] 1 &#8211; Verb tense<\/div>\n  <div class=\"stem\">Historically, the relationship between France and Spain _________ characterized by periods of both cooperation and rivalry.<\/div>\n  <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"show_toeicq_358636_0\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"options\">\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_358636_0\" value=\"A\">\n      <span class=\"key\">A<\/span><span class=\"txt\">is<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt is-correct\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_358636_0\" value=\"B\">\n      <span class=\"key\">B<\/span><span class=\"txt\">has been<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_358636_0\" value=\"C\">\n      <span class=\"key\">C<\/span><span class=\"txt\">was<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_358636_0\" value=\"D\">\n      <span class=\"key\">D<\/span><span class=\"txt\">will be<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toggle\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n    <label class=\"btn\" for=\"show_toeicq_358636_0\">\uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/label>\n    <span class=\"subtle\">\ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <div><strong>\uc815\ub2f5:<\/strong> B<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ud611\ub825\uacfc \uacbd\uc7c1\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \uc8fc\uc5b4 &#39;the relationship&#39;\uacfc \uc2dc\uc81c\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;Historically&#39;\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ubbc0\ub85c \ud604\uc7ac\uc644\ub8cc \uc2dc\uc81c &#39;has been&#39;\uc774 \uc801\uc808\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;is&#39;\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc0ac\uc2e4, &#39;was&#39;\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c \uacfc\uac70 \uc0ac\uc2e4, &#39;will be&#39;\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5b4 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"q\">\n  <div class=\"meta\">[Vocabulary] 2 &#8211; Vocabulary choice<\/div>\n  <div class=\"stem\">Tourists often find the _______ beauty of the French Riviera quite different from the rugged landscapes of the Spanish Pyrenees.<\/div>\n  <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"show_toeicq_602566_1\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"options\">\n    <label class=\"opt is-correct\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_602566_1\" value=\"A\">\n      <span class=\"key\">A<\/span><span class=\"txt\">serene<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_602566_1\" value=\"B\">\n      <span class=\"key\">B<\/span><span class=\"txt\">boisterous<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_602566_1\" value=\"C\">\n      <span class=\"key\">C<\/span><span class=\"txt\">perilous<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_602566_1\" value=\"D\">\n      <span class=\"key\">D<\/span><span class=\"txt\">industrial<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toggle\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n    <label class=\"btn\" for=\"show_toeicq_602566_1\">\uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/label>\n    <span class=\"subtle\">\ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <div><strong>\uc815\ub2f5:<\/strong> A<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uad00\uad11\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub9ac\ube44\uc5d0\ub77c\uc758 _______ \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc774 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \ud53c\ub808\ub124 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc758 \ud5d8\uc900\ud55c \ud48d\uacbd\uacfc\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc885\uc885 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \ubb38\ub9e5\uc0c1 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \ud53c\ub808\ub124 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc758 &#39;rugged(\ud5d8\uc900\ud55c)&#39; \ud48d\uacbd\uacfc \ub300\uc870\ub418\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub9ac\ube44\uc5d0\ub77c\uc758 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;serene(\uace0\uc694\ud55c, \uc794\uc794\ud55c)&#39;\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0 \uacbd\uad00\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;boisterous(\ub5a0\ub4e4\uc369\ud55c)&#39;, &#39;perilous(\uc704\ud5d8\ud55c)&#39;, &#39;industrial(\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758)&#39;\uc740 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc0c1 \uc5b4\uc6b8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"q\">\n  <div class=\"meta\">[Grammar] 3 &#8211; Preposition<\/div>\n  <div class=\"stem\">Many cultural influences have flowed freely ________ the border separating France and Spain for centuries.<\/div>\n  <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"show_toeicq_110286_2\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"options\">\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_110286_2\" value=\"A\">\n      <span class=\"key\">A<\/span><span class=\"txt\">in<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_110286_2\" value=\"B\">\n      <span class=\"key\">B<\/span><span class=\"txt\">at<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt is-correct\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_110286_2\" value=\"C\">\n      <span class=\"key\">C<\/span><span class=\"txt\">across<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_110286_2\" value=\"D\">\n      <span class=\"key\">D<\/span><span class=\"txt\">by<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toggle\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n    <label class=\"btn\" for=\"show_toeicq_110286_2\">\uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/label>\n    <span class=\"subtle\">\ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <div><strong>\uc815\ub2f5:<\/strong> C<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uc218\uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc744 \uac00\ub974\ub294 \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 _______ \ub9ce\uc740 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ud758\ub7ec\uc654\ub2e4.<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \ub450 \uc9c0\uc810\uc774\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c8\ub7ec \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \ub54c\ub294 \uc804\uce58\uc0ac &#39;across&#39;\uac00 \uc801\uc808\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;in&#39;\uc740 \ub0b4\ubd80, &#39;at&#39;\uc740 \uc9c0\uc810, &#39;by&#39;\ub294 ~\uc606\uc5d0 \ub610\ub294 ~\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb38\ub9e5\uc0c1 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"q\">\n  <div class=\"meta\">[Grammar] 4 &#8211; Conjunction<\/div>\n  <div class=\"stem\">Spain is well-known for its vibrant flamenco music, ________ France boasts a rich tradition of classical ballet.<\/div>\n  <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"show_toeicq_243180_3\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"options\">\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_243180_3\" value=\"A\">\n      <span class=\"key\">A<\/span><span class=\"txt\">despite<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt is-correct\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_243180_3\" value=\"B\">\n      <span class=\"key\">B<\/span><span class=\"txt\">whereas<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_243180_3\" value=\"C\">\n      <span class=\"key\">C<\/span><span class=\"txt\">due to<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_243180_3\" value=\"D\">\n      <span class=\"key\">D<\/span><span class=\"txt\">instead of<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toggle\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n    <label class=\"btn\" for=\"show_toeicq_243180_3\">\uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/label>\n    <span class=\"subtle\">\ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <div><strong>\uc815\ub2f5:<\/strong> B<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc740 \ud65c\uae30\ucc2c \ud50c\ub77c\uba69\ucf54 \uc74c\uc545\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, _______ \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \uace0\uc804 \ubc1c\ub808\uc758 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc790\ub791\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \ub450 \ubb38\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\uc870\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc811\uc18d\ubd80\uc0ac &#39;whereas(~\uc778 \ubc18\uba74\uc5d0)&#39;\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\uc808\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;despite(~\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0)&#39;\ub294 \uc804\uce58\uc0ac\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uba85\uc0ac(\uad6c)\uac00 \uc640\uc57c \ud558\uace0, &#39;due to(~\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0)&#39;\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, &#39;instead of(~\ub300\uc2e0\uc5d0)&#39;\ub294 \ub300\uccb4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"q\">\n  <div class=\"meta\">[Vocabulary] 5 &#8211; Vocabulary choice<\/div>\n  <div class=\"stem\">The Pyrenees Mountains form a natural ________ between France and Spain, influencing climate and culture on both sides.<\/div>\n  <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"show_toeicq_800776_4\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"options\">\n    <label class=\"opt is-correct\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_800776_4\" value=\"A\">\n      <span class=\"key\">A<\/span><span class=\"txt\">boundary<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_800776_4\" value=\"B\">\n      <span class=\"key\">B<\/span><span class=\"txt\">access<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_800776_4\" value=\"C\">\n      <span class=\"key\">C<\/span><span class=\"txt\">highway<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n    <label class=\"opt\">\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"toeicq_800776_4\" value=\"D\">\n      <span class=\"key\">D<\/span><span class=\"txt\">center<\/span>\n    <\/label>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toggle\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n    <label class=\"btn\" for=\"show_toeicq_800776_4\">\uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/label>\n    <span class=\"subtle\">\ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <div><strong>\uc815\ub2f5:<\/strong> A<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \ud53c\ub808\ub124 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 _______\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70 \uc591\ucabd\uc758 \uae30\ud6c4\uc640 \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce5c\ub2e4.<\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:6px;\"><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \ub450 \uad6d\uac00 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud615\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uba85\uc0ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;boundary(\uacbd\uacc4, \uad6d\uacbd)&#39;\uac00 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc0c1 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\uc808\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;access(\uc811\uadfc)&#39;, &#39;highway(\uace0\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c)&#39;, &#39;center(\uc911\uc2ec)&#39;\ub294 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \uc5b4\uc6b8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Grammar] 1 &#8211; Verb tense Historically, the relationship between France and Spain _________ characterized by periods of both cooperation and rivalry. Ais Bhas been Cwas Dwill be \uc815\ub2f5 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd \ud6c4 \ud074\ub9ad \uc815\ub2f5: B \ud574\uc11d: \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ud611\ub825\uacfc \uacbd\uc7c1\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\ub2e4. \ud574\uc124: \uc8fc\uc5b4 &#39;the relationship&#39;\uacfc \uc2dc\uc81c\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#39;Historically&#39;\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[322],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9318\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dohokin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}